Great Smoky Mountains National Park reminds visitors to view wildlife safely as elk and black bear activity increases this fall. Autumn offers opportunities to witness elk during their annual breeding season, known as the rut, and to observe bears feeding on fall food sources. While these experiences can be amazing to witness, they also require caution, awareness, and respect for wildlife.
During the rut, bulls experience elevated testosterone levels and may exhibit defensive or aggressive behaviors toward perceived threats — including people, vehicles, and pets. Female elk, or cows, remain protective of their calves, contributing to overall herd stress. When viewing elk, visitors are required to stay at least 25 yards (75 feet) away and avoid disturbing or provoking them.
