Early in our training we were taught that our most important tool to help patients was our intuition, because the heart and gut are more attuned to emotions than is the logic of the brain. Intuition, we learned, superceded academic knowledge and could also overrule guidelines on how to conduct psychoanalytic sessions. My time with “Erica” demonstrated this. In her first session she came to see me because she was “Guilty about my past.”

Sigmund Freud, M.D., of Vienna, Austria, is known as The Father of Psychoanalysis. Note, that is the Father, not the founder. The founder was another medical doctor, Joseph Breuer, who was a friend and mentor to Sigmund. Dr. Breuer had a woman patient, the famous “Anna O,” who completely baffled him. She had multiple complaints including headaches, stomachaches, leg pains, chest pains, neck pains, dizziness, temporary loss of sight, temporary loss of hearing, temporary paralysis, you name it. She was a mess and none of Breuer’s medicines were helping her.

At a social gathering I am introduced to someone. The conversation goes like this:

Mutual Friend: “Helen, I’d like you to meet Jim Joyce.”

Rush hour traffic is heavy in all directions as you come to a red light. You are in the left lane with one car in front of you. The driver signals for a left turn, which is what you are going to do. When the light changes to green the car in front does not move forward into the intersection. The man doesn’t budge until the light goes to yellow then slowly makes his turn. It is now red, leaving you sitting there forced to wait for the next change of lights. He “gotcha” — adding at least a minute and maybe more to your trip home. He also got you by raising your blood pressure and making you say bad words. You have just been the victim of “passive aggression.”

Albert Einstein said that insanity is when someone does the same thing over and over but expects different results each time. Einstein was wrong. That is not insanity, but it is the hallmark of a psychological phenomenon called, “The repetition compulsion.”

Confession is good for the soul.

As any practicing Catholic will tell you, that old tune still plays true. You may dread going to confession — I don’t know anyone who enjoys spilling out his faults and sins before a priest, who quite literally speaks for Christ in granting forgiveness, but the feeling on leaving the confessional is frequently one of mild ecstasy, of actually feeling forgiven, of being clean.

Like so many of the psychic forces that affect our lives, transference is mostly conducted at the unconscious level. (I’ll bet you are not surprised.) But unlike some other unconscious forces, transference is fairly easy to spot once we grasp the concept, and see the abundant evidence. It is also a key ingredient of the psychotherapeutic experience.

Carl Jung was a workaholic, and unlike his wife he needed little sleep. After Mrs. Jung (Emma) went to bed, Carl would sit in their darkened bedroom sipping cognac after cognac while thinking great thoughts. One night he began ruminating on the scientific discovery that from the moment of conception the microscopic body of a human fetus begins the millions-of-years’ journey of mankind’s evolution. During the time in the mother’s womb the person will begin looking like an amoeba, evolve to look like a tadpole, then a lizard, a bird, a monkey, a Missing Link, a Neanderthal and finally a Homo Sapiens. This evolutionary process, when you stop to consider it, makes the saying, “The miracle of birth,” frivolous. The miracle occurs at conception and continues for the next nine months.

We shrinks have been accused of starting the sexual revolution, which began in the mid-20th century. This isn’t true. A case could be made that it was the Irish writer, James Joyce, (no relation) who started the sexual revolution, at least in modern literature. After the obscenity ban on his novel Ulysses was lifted, other novelists piled on by filling up their works with explicit sexual content. (Ulysses has been acclaimed by many scholars as the best novel of the 20th century. If you have infinite patience, and three PhD’s, you may get through it, finding it at once brilliant, tedious and filthy.)

The emotional system is subject to illness just as are the various parts of the body, but to isolate an emotional illness, and put a completely accurate label on it, is often impossible. A bodily illness, on the other hand, may exist without interaction with another part of the body. Many cancers, if caught early, are isolated and can be surgically removed before they spread. Broken bones can be re-set and heal completely. Sprained muscles will, in time, heal themselves.